How much can Indecopi fine a business? Minor, serious and very serious infractions
Peru's Consumer Code sets three bands: minor infractions get a warning or a fine of up to 50 UIT, serious ones a fine of up to 150 UIT, and very serious ones a fine of up to 450 UIT. A warning is not a fourth tier: it is the floor of the minor band.
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Peruvian State portal (gob.pe)
Checked 1 Oct 2026Next review 12 Mar 2027
What we read and what we did notArticles 108, 110 and 112 of Ley 29571 were read in the Third Official Edition of the Consumer Code (Minjus) and Decreto Supremo 032-2021-PCM, including its Table 4, in the official El Peruano publication hosted on gob.pe.
What article 110 says
Article 110 of the Consumer Protection and Defence Code (Ley 29571) opens with one sentence that sums up the whole system: «El órgano resolutivo puede sancionar las infracciones administrativas a que se refiere el artículo 108 con amonestación y multas de hasta cuatrocientos cincuenta (450) Unidades Impositivas Tributarias (UIT)». It then splits that into three bands:
| Classification | Sanction under art. 110 |
|---|---|
| a) Minor (leves) | «con una amonestación o con una multa de hasta cincuenta (50) UIT» — a warning, or a fine of up to 50 UIT |
| b) Serious (graves) | «con una multa de hasta ciento cincuenta (150) UIT» — a fine of up to 150 UIT |
| c) Very serious (muy graves) | «con una multa de hasta cuatrocientos cincuenta (450) UIT» — a fine of up to 450 UIT |
Three things follow directly from the text. First, these are bands with a ceiling: «hasta», up to. Second, there is no written minimum in the article. Third, the warning sits inside the minor band as an alternative to a fine. It is not a fourth tier.
The warning is not a separate tier
It is common to see the scale presented as “warning, minor, serious, very serious”. The text says something else: a minor infraction is punished «con una amonestación o con una multa de hasta cincuenta (50) UIT». The amonestación is the floor of that band. A serious or very serious infraction, on the letter of the article, is punished with a fine.
The cap by size of business
The same article 110 sets a proportional limit for the smallest providers. For micro businesses (microempresas), the fine may not exceed «el diez por ciento (10%) de las ventas o ingresos brutos percibidos por el infractor». For small businesses (pequeñas empresas), «el veinte por ciento (20%)».
That cap has three conditions, and all three must be met:
- The provider proves its income.
- It is not a repeat offender.
- The case does not involve consumers’ life, health or physical integrity.
If one is missing, the cap does not apply and the general band governs.
What many websites get wrong: large companies have no cap
The idea that “no Indecopi fine can exceed 10% of sales” is widely repeated. It is wrong. Article 110 sets proportional caps only for micro and small businesses. For a medium or large company the limit is the band itself: 50, 150 or 450 UIT depending on the classification, with no percentage of income attached. For a bank or an airline, 450 UIT may be small next to its turnover, and it is still the legal ceiling.
How the fine is graded within the band
Indecopi does not pick a number at random under the ceiling. Since 2021 it applies a methodology approved by Supreme Decree 032-2021-PCM, published on 25 February 2021, which works in three stages:
- Base fine (m). A starting amount calculated for the specific case.
- Factor adjustment. The base fine is multiplied by a factor (M = m × F) that captures aggravating and mitigating circumstances. The result can lower the fine by up to 50% or raise it by up to 100%.
- Legal caps. The result is checked against the band ceiling (50, 150 or 450 UIT) and, where relevant, against the 10% or 20% cap by size of business. The fine never exceeds those limits.
We could not open the decree’s text in El Peruano from this environment, so we describe its general structure and do not cite its articles.
What this page does not cover
Articles 108 and 112 of the Code, often mentioned alongside 110, were not read for this page. We will not describe what they say from summaries. When we read them in the official text, we will add them.
Which UIT is used
The fine is expressed in UIT and converted to soles, as a general rule, at the value in force on the date the penalty is imposed. For 2026 the UIT is S/ 5,500. The full explanation is on the page about the UIT.
What if the company doesn’t pay the fine?
Indecopi doesn’t need to sue in court to collect it — it has its own coercive-collection power. What happens if they don’t pay the fine?
How to file
- Find how the infraction was classifiedIn the Indecopi decision, look for whether the conduct was classified as minor (leve), serious (grave) or very serious (muy grave). That fixes the ceiling: 50, 150 or 450 UIT.
- Check whether the size-of-business cap appliesIf the provider is a micro or small business, the fine may not exceed 10% or 20% of its gross sales or income, provided all three conditions in article 110 are met.
- Convert the figure to solesMultiply the UIT by the value for the year the penalty was imposed. For 2026, use this site's calculator.
- If you are the consumer and want the business sanctionedOnly a denuncia opens a sanctioning procedure. A reclamo does not. How to file one is on the page about complaining to Indecopi.
What most people believe — and what the law says
There are four tiers: warning, minor, serious and very serious.
There are three. Article 110 says minor infractions are punished «con una amonestación o con una multa de hasta cincuenta (50) UIT». The warning is the floor of the minor band, not a separate category.
No Indecopi fine can exceed 10% of a company's sales.
That cap exists only for micro businesses (10%) and small businesses (20%), and only if they prove their income, are not repeat offenders and the case does not involve consumers' life, health or physical integrity. For a medium or large company article 110 sets no proportional cap at all.
If the infraction is minor, the fine is a fixed amount.
'Up to 50 UIT' is a ceiling. Indecopi calculates the fine case by case under a methodology approved by supreme decree, and may stop at a warning.
The UIT figure is converted at the UIT of the year you bought the product.
As a general rule the UIT in force when the penalty is imposed applies. See the page on the UIT.
Frequently asked questions
How does Indecopi calculate the exact fine within the band's ceiling?
Through a three-stage methodology approved by Supreme Decree 032-2021-PCM: first it calculates a base fine for the specific case, then adjusts it by multiplying it by a factor that captures aggravating and mitigating circumstances (which can lower it by up to 50% or raise it by up to 100%), and finally checks the result against the band's ceiling (50, 150 or 450 UIT) and, where relevant, against the 10% or 20% cap by size of business. The fine never exceeds those limits.
I filed a reclamo but I also want the company sanctioned. Is that enough?
No. Only a denuncia opens a sanctioning procedure at Indecopi; a reclamo alone does not. If you want the company sanctioned, you need to file the corresponding denuncia, for example through Indecopi's Mesa de Partes Virtual.
What's the UIT worth in 2026, to convert the fine into soles?
In 2026 the UIT is worth S/ 5,500. The fine is expressed in UIT and converted to soles, as a general rule, at the value in force on the date the penalty is imposed, not the value from the year the infraction happened.
What happens if the company doesn't pay the fine Indecopi imposed?
Indecopi doesn't need to sue in court to collect it -- it has its own coercive-collection power to enforce payment.
What the fine is
| Conduct | Severity | Range | Authority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minor infraction of the Consumer Code Ley 29571, art. 110 May also be closed with a warning (amonestación) and no fine. | leve | up to 50 UIT up to S/ 275,000.00 up to $79,549 | Indecopi |
| Serious infraction of the Consumer Code Ley 29571, art. 110 | grave | up to 150 UIT up to S/ 825,000.00 up to $238,646 | Indecopi |
| Very serious infraction of the Consumer Code Ley 29571, art. 110 For micro businesses the fine may not exceed 10% of gross sales or income; for small businesses, 20%. Only if income is proven, there is no recidivism and the case does not involve life, health or physical integrity. | muy grave | up to 450 UIT up to S/ 2,475,000.00 up to $715,939 | Indecopi |
Fines are set in UIT. When the UIT moves, every fine moves with it. UIT 2026 = S/ 5,500 (Decreto Supremo N.º 301-2025-EF). Reference conversion only. The debt is owed in soles.FX rate as of2026-10-12: US$ 1 = S/ 3.457.
The exact law
Ley N.º 29571Article 110read
Consumer Protection and Defence Code — administrative sanctions
«El órgano resolutivo puede sancionar las infracciones administrativas a que se refiere el artículo 108 con amonestación y multas de hasta cuatrocientos cincuenta (450) Unidades Impositivas Tributarias (UIT)»
Decreto Supremo N.º 032-2021-PCMFine calculation methodology (whole norm)read
Methodology for calculating fines in consumer protection and other Indecopi matters
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What this page already lets you do
- Name the rule that protects you
- Copy the exact article and send it
- Follow the steps, in order
- Know how far the fine goes